The relationship between measurement of in vivo brain glutamate and markers of iron metabolism: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in healthy adults

Fundamental human studies which address associations between glutamate and iron metabolism are needed. Basic research reports associations between glutamate and iron metabolism. Human studies report sex differences in iron metabolism and glutamate concentrations, which suggest that these relationships may differ by sex. We hypothesised associations would be apparent between in vivo glutamate and peripheral markers of iron metabolism, and these associations would differ by sex. To test this, we recruited 40 healthy adults (20 men, 20 women) and measured (a) standard clinical biomarker concentrations for iron metabolism and (b) an in vivo proxy for glutamate concentration, glutamate with glutamine in relation to total creatine containing metabolites using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies with a two‐dimensional chemical shift imaging slice, with voxels located in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, anterior cingulate cortices and frontal white matter. Only the female group reported significant associations between peripheral markers of iron metabolism and Glx:tCr concentration: (a) right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Glx:tCr associated positively with serum transferrin (r = .60, p = .006) and negatively with transferrin saturation (r = ?.62, p = .004) and (b) right frontal white matter Glx:tCr associated negatively with iron concentration (r = ?.59, p = .008) and transferrin saturation (r = ?.65, p = .002). Our results support associations between iron metabolism and our proxy for in vivo glutamate concentration (Glx:tCr). These associations were limited to women, suggesting a stronger regulatory control between iron and glutamate metabolism. These associations support additional fundamental research into the molecular mechanisms of this regulatory control.     

多模态技术联合术中唤醒麻醉在Broca区胶质瘤患者语言功能区定位中的作用

目的探讨多模态技术联合术中唤醒麻醉在Broca区胶质瘤患者语言功能区定位中的作用和手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2017年12月复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科行手术切除的Broca区胶质瘤患者的临床资料,共42例。术前采用功能磁共振成像和弥散张量成像技术重建语言皮质激活区域和皮质下传导通路,术中在唤醒麻醉下通过直接电刺激技术定位语言皮质和皮质下传导通路,并在术中磁共振、实时神经影像导航系统引导下行肿瘤切除。根据肿瘤是否侵犯中央前回腹侧部(vPMC)将患者分为未侵犯vPMC(仅侵犯额下回后部)组24例,侵犯vPMC组18例,评估并比较两组患者语言功能区定位情况和疗效。结果42例患者均完成术中语言功能区定位,34例(81.0%)至少有1个阳性定位点;3例(7.1%)在定位过程中出现癫痫局灶性发作。25例患者肿瘤为全切除,17例为非全切除。术后病理学证实世界卫生组织(WHO)肿瘤分级Ⅱ级者23例,Ⅲ级者14例,Ⅳ级者5例。术后1个月内(近期)16例(38.1%)患者有语言功能障碍,其中12例3个月内恢复,4例(9.5%)未恢复。术后所有患者随访6~84个月(中位数为24个月),14例出现肿瘤进展,其中11例死亡。与未侵犯vPMC组比较,侵犯vPMC组肿瘤的WHO级别高(P=0.011),术后近期语言功能障碍的发生比率高[分别为10/18、25.0%(6/24),P=0.044],无进展生存期[分别为(28.4±5.2)个月、(80.7±3.2)个月]和总生存期[分别为(38.8±5.8)个月、(80.8±3.2)个月]均短。差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论多模态技术联合术中唤醒麻醉治疗Broca区胶质瘤有助于在最大化切除肿瘤的同时,保护患者的语言功能。其中肿瘤侵犯vPMC比仅侵犯额下回后部者引起近期语言功能障碍率更高,预后更差。     

Optical coherence tomography angiography in the evaluation of vascular patterns of ocular surface squamous neoplasia during topical medical treatment

PurposeOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was utilized to examine changes in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) vascular patterns over time in individuals treated with topical medical therapy.MethodsTen individuals with OSSN diagnosed by clinical examination and high resolution (HR)-optical coherence tomography (OCT) were recruited. All individuals received topical immuno- or chemotherapy. OCTA images were obtained and analyzed at three points: presentation, mid-treatment and tumor resolution. Tumor metrics including tumor area (TA), tumor volume (TV), tumor depth (TD), and total tumor density (TTD) were calculated. Vessel area density (VAD) was also quantified within the OSSN, the subepithelium under and adjacent to the OSSN and the subepithelium of the uninvolved, contralateral eye. Vascular network changes were also subjectively evaluated.ResultsTA, TV, TD and TTD all significantly decreased with time (p < 0.001). The mean VAD within the OSSN significantly decreased (p < 0.001) between visits (presentation: 26.52 ± 6.8%, mid-treatment: 7.19 ± 5.88%, tumor resolution: 0.11 ± 0.34%). The mean subepithelial VAD under the OSSN also decreased with time (23.22 ± 11.03%, 20.99 ± 5.99% and 19.58 ± 7.08%), and after resolution the sub-tumor VAD (19.58 ± 7.08%) was comparable to the subepithelial VAD in the contralateral eye (15.47 ± 4.37%, p > 0.05). The mean VAD in the subepithelium adjacent to the OSSN increased with treatment, then decreased significantly between mid-treatment and resolution (23.26 ± 4.54, 28.30 ± 7.43% and 21.68 ± 6.10%, p = 0.009). Qualitatively, the tumor subepithelial vascular network was complex and dense but with tumor resolution appeared less tortuous and similar to the uninvolved eye.ConclusionOCTA provided insight into the pathophysiology of tumor angiogenesis, showing decreased vascular density and normalization of vascular networks associated with tumor resolution.     

基于中医临床证候探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎在岭南地区的疫性特点

目的:通过分析广东省第二人民医院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)患者的临床资料,从中医临床证候探讨该病在岭南地区的疫性特点,更好地指导临床辨证治疗。方法:收集广东省第二人民医院收治的36例新冠肺炎患者的临床资料,其中输入病例20例,本地病例16例,分析全部病例、输入病例和本地病例的临床资料和证候特点。结果:新冠肺炎患者年龄分布较广,平均年龄45岁,以男性居多,55.56%的患者为外地输入病例,44.44%的患者为本地感染病例。全部病例证型以湿邪郁肺型和邪热壅肺型为主,分别占44.44%和38.89%;91.67%的患者呈现“湿”的病理特点,72.22%的患者呈现“热”的病理特点。其中输入病例证型以湿邪郁肺型为主,占65.00%,100%的患者呈现“湿”的病理特点,55.00%呈现“热”的病理特点;本地病例证型以邪热壅肺为主,占56.25%,93.75%的患者呈现“热”的病理特点,81.25%呈现“湿”的病理特点。结论:本次疫病在岭南地区的疫性属于以湿邪和热邪为主导的“湿热疫”,病机特点为湿热并重;输入性病例多表现为以湿邪为患的“湿疫”,有化热的趋势和倾向,病机特点为湿重于热;本地病例多表现为以热邪为主的“温热疫”,病机特点为热重于湿。此次新冠肺炎不同地区存在不同疫性的可能,辨证和治疗要遵守三因制宜的原则。